The ICI group focuses on advancing the understanding of physical climate impacts and risks in a scenario context, and their societal and economic consequences.

Based on innovative approaches to climate modeling and tool development, this contributes to the work of the Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Program, placing an emphasis on integrating physical climate risks into modeling and scenario building activities.

The work of the ICI focuses on three key objectives:

  1. Improving the understanding of biophysical and economic climate impacts and risks with particular focus on extreme events, climate overshoot, tipping elements, and an enhanced integration of climate impact drivers along the climate impact chain. 
  2. Advancing frameworks for climate resilient development pathways. This includes the development and application of novel methodologies for an integrated assessment of climate impacts, adaptation, and mitigation, including stress testing. 
  3. Developing an interdisciplinary research agenda of linking emissions to climate damages and advancing from questions of climate attribution to climate accountability for damages. 

In its pursuit of a transformative approach to climate impact research, the ICI group, places particular emphasis on agile methodologies for the exploration of various scenarios and the assessment of their respective key risks. These efforts aim to provide for a step-change towards closing the gaps between emission scenarios, climate impacts and risks, and adaptation and loss and damage responses. 

Compound risks and climate overshoot

One of the major focus areas of the ICI group centers around tail risks and compound events. It is these tail and compound risks that drive both the economic and the non-economic societal damages, presenting a threat to overall societal stability. The ICI group advances the understanding of critical thresholds of socio-ecological systems, the limits to adaptation, and societal response capacities across a range of climate impacts. Integrating this information into a dynamic scenario context will foster a better understanding of climate resilient development pathways. 

Specific attention is given to studying climate impact (ir)reversibility under climate overshoot scenarios. In this context, the ICI will also focus on Earth System responses and potential tipping elements.

From climate attribution to accountability

Moving beyond the traditional analytical focus on climate attribution (to climate emissions), the ICI group operationalizes the concept of climate accountability. Interdisciplinary approaches that blend scientific inquiry with legal and ethical considerations will operationalize legal principles to trace climate impact along the impacts chain. This approach does not only solidify the scientific basis for climate accountability, but also paves the way for more effective and equitable policy interventions. 

Themes

Extreme Weather and Climate Dynamics

Stakeholder Engagement in Climate Science

Staff

Zeb Nicholls profile picture

Zeb Nicholls

Guest Research Scholar (ICI)

Inga Menke profile picture

Inga Menke

Senior Research Scholar (ICI)

Placeholder, because no staff image is available

Verena Kain

Senior Research Scholar (ICI)

Placeholder, because no staff image is available

Shutong Liu

Guest Researcher (ICI)

News

Bucharest, Romania - July 02, 2019: 43 degrees celsius 109. 4 fahrenheit is the temperature displayed by a digital thermometer on a hot summer day

06 November 2026

“Mega heatwaves” strengthened by interaction between soil moisture, atmospheric pressure, and temperature

A new study has found a self-reinforcing interaction between temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric pressure is being triggered at high temperatures, making extreme heatwaves 10% hotter than they would otherwise be. 

SPARCCLE Consortium Meeting in Athens 2026

04 November 2026

SPARCCLE Consortium Meets in Athens to Set the Course for the Final Phase

Project partners from across Europe gathered in Athens on 29-30 September 2026 for the in-person General Assembly of the SPARCCLE project. Hosted by the E3-Modelling team of WSP, the two-day meeting provided an important opportunity to take stock of progress, consolidate research findings, and align on the project’s final outputs as it enters its concluding phase.

Aerial view of solar farm with solar panels

21 October 2026

New UN report lays out emissions cuts needed for return to 1.5°C

IIASA researchers contributed to the UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2026: The Point of Return, which finds that urgent emissions cuts are needed to minimize global warming above 1.5°C and return to this threshold by the end of the century.

Focus

Innovative Smart City Integrates Renewable Energy Sources and Modern Architecture to Promote Sustainability
Annual Report 2025

Annual Report 2025: Energy, Climate, and Environment Program Highlights

The transition to a low-carbon future requires both ambitious action and a clear understanding of what works. In 2025, the Energy, Climate, and Environment Program produced research that helped clarify the opportunities, trade-offs, and practical pathways for accelerating climate mitigation and strengthening environmental sustainability. 

Young trees growing in a hilly landscape

13 April 2026

Planting trees to remove carbon can harm the environment – or protect it: study highlights trade‑offs

In a new article published on The Conversation, IIASA researchers Gaurav Ganti and Joeri Rogelj, together with colleagues from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Ruben Prütz and Sabine Fuss, explore the complex trade-offs involved in planting trees to remove carbon from the atmosphere, highlighting how such efforts can either support or undermine environmental goals depending on how and where they are implemented.