Clean air is essential for health, yet many people, especially in low- and middle-income countries, breathe polluted air every day. IIASA researchers contributed advanced modeling tools and analyses to assess the feasibility and affordability of halving global exposure to high levels of outdoor air pollution by 2040 in a new World Bank Report.

The report Accelerating Access to Clean Air on a Livable Planet, highlights that worldwide, outdoor air pollution is responsible for approximately 5.7 million deaths annually and imposes economic costs between 4.7% and 6.5% of global GDP. It emphasizes that halving the number of people exposed to high levels of air pollution by 2040 is both feasible and affordable through effective, targeted policies.

IIASA's contributions to air quality research are well-established. The Institute’s Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model, which evaluates strategies for reducing emissions while considering economic and environmental factors, has been instrumental in formulating policies that address both air quality and climate change simultaneously.​

In this new World Bank report, the GAINS model was used to assess four distinct policy scenarios related to air pollution and climate strategies. These included a "business-as-usual" scenario, which assumed the implementation of already agreed-upon policies, and three additional scenarios that incorporated varying levels of decarbonization and air quality management efforts. The findings demonstrate that the most effective and cost-efficient approach to meeting the 2040 Clean Air Targets involves integrating both climate policies and additional air pollution measures. By comparing different pathways, GAINS provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of policy interventions in reducing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and other pollutants.

"Our partnership with the World Bank emphasizes the important role of integrated assessment models like GAINS in formulating effective air quality management strategies. By addressing air pollution and climate change together, we can develop solutions that are both environmentally sustainable and economically viable," says IIASA Pollution Management Research Group Leader, Zbigniew Klimont.

According to the report’s authors, effective policies can significantly reduce air pollution as it largely stems from manmade sources, while the success of such policies hinge on strengthening institutions, leveraging information, and catalyzing investments. Key sectors identified for intervention include heating, cooking, transport, agriculture, and waste management.

 

Further information:
Visit the World Bank website for further information and to access to full report.

News

IIASA Director General Hans Joachim (John) Schellnhuber with the team at the office of the UN Resident Coordinator for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean,

12 June 2026

The physics of good vibrations: IIASA and Barbados explore a new model for resilient and thriving societies

IIASA Director General Hans Joachim (John) Schellnhuber visited Barbados at the end of May to deepen engagement with government, academic, diplomatic, and international partners and explore new opportunities for collaboration on resilience, innovation, and sustainable development for Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
Panoramic view of the Academy of Athens in Greece

05 June 2026

IIASA welcomes Greece as its newest member

IIASA is excited to announce that Greece has joined the Institute effective from 1 June 2026 through the Academy of Athens, Greece’s national academy and the highest research establishment in the country.
IIASA Director General Hans Joachim (John) Schellnhuber with the Barbados delegation

28 April 2026

Barbados Minister of Innovation Jonathan Reid visits IIASA to explore partnership on global sustainability challenges

A high-level delegation led by Senator Hon. Jonathan Reid, Barbados' Minister of Innovation, Industry, Science, and Technology, visited Schloss Laxenburg for a bilateral exchange with IIASA Director General Hans Joachim (John) Schellnhuber on applied systems science and its potential to inform transformative policy.