Population structure and dynamics are directly interlinked with economic development. The new Fact Sheet Economic Demography developed by researchers from IIASA and the Wittgenstein Centre puts the economic consequences of demographic changes into perspective, showing a realistic picture of challenges and opportunities in the future.
Declining birth rates and the resulting long-term drop in the labor force, ageing populations and the associated increase in welfare spending, an outflow of the working-age population, migration, and refugee movements, to name only a few, all impact the economy. The links are often complex and many changes in the population and age structure create uncertainties and new challenges for the economic system. A closer look at the economic consequences of the demographic changes shows, however, that general pessimism about the future is not justified, because knowledge about these changes will provide new options for adaptation and opportunities.
News
02 July 2026
IIASA welcomes delegation from the National Research Foundation South Africa
A delegation from South Africa's National Research Foundation (NRF) visited IIASA to exchange knowledge on systems approaches to disruptive change, innovation, and evidence-informed decision-making. The visit reflects the longstanding collaboration between IIASA and South Africa.
09 January 2026
Diabetes costs the global economy trillions
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. On average, one in ten adults is affected. The number of people living with diabetes continues to rise, posing an increasing challenge for healthcare systems and entire economies. A new study reveals the global and national economic costs of diabetes and offers strategies to reduce them.
28 July 2025
Exploring the economic promise and environmental costs of mining in Brazil
Mining in Brazil does not deliver the sustained economic benefits often claimed, while informal mining is a major driver of deforestation, especially in the Amazon. A new study offers one of the most comprehensive assessments to date, combining satellite imagery and economic data to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of mining at the municipal scale across Brazil.